References

Varieties

• 川田洋之助 (Kawada Younosuke). 四大地金魚のすべて (Yondai jikingyo no subete, “All about the four great regional goldfish”: tosakin, jikin/rokurin, nankin, Osaka ranchu). MPJ / Marine Kikaku (エムピージェー／マリン企画), 2009. ISBN 978-4-89512-558-1.
• Goldfish of China: Descriptions and Illustrations of Diversed Goldfish in China (中国金鱼), chief editors 叶其昌 (Ye Qichang) and 曲利明 (Qu Liming), 海峡书局 / The Straits Publishing & Distributing Group. Fold-out “Variety Diagram for Chinese Goldfish” (中国金鱼品种图). The variety tree redraws its names and lines.
• Erik L. Johnson and Richard E. Hess. Fancy Goldfish: Complete Guide to Care and Collecting. Weatherhill, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8348-0448-7.
• Li Zhen. Chinese Goldfish. Tetra Press, 1991. ISBN 978-7-119-00408-2.
• Man Shek-hay. Goldfish of Hong Kong. Urban Council, Hong Kong, 1993.
• Dr. Yoshiichi Matsui. Goldfish Guide. The Pet Library Ltd., © 1972. ISBN 0-87826-011-0. Its genetic chart of the Japanese goldfish varieties is redrawn on the Matsui chart page.
• Steven CS Tong and Hermanto. Goldfish Appreciation. Self-published (Tong Chee Seng), 2020. ISBN 9789811469893.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (YouTube channel).

Fish health, medications and disinfection

• Dr. Erik Johnson, Koi Health & Disease: Everything You Need To Know, 2nd edition (2014; also called the "Reload"). Praziquantel dose: "Praziquantel for Koi Deworming and Flukes", drjohnson.com.
• The club's own dictated medication notes (salt, Epsom salt baths, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, methylene blue) — the authority on this page where figures differ.
• Diseases of Carp — methylene blue (treatment table; biofilter damage).
• Aquarium Co-op, How to use the Quarantine Medication Trio — aquariumcoop.com/blogs/faqs/how-to-use-quarantine-med-trio (quarantine trio dose and schedule).
• Hikari / Aquarium Solutions, Ich-X product data sheet — hikariusa.com/img/pds/PDS_IchX.pdf (formalin and malachite green concentrations; overdose warning).
• Fritz Aquatics, ParaCleanse product page — fritzaquatics.com/products/paracleanse (may inhibit nitrifying bacteria; monitor ammonia and nitrite).
• The club's own notes on sterilizing and disinfecting (bleach recipe; Virkon Aquatic rates with and without fish, and the pond-drug and koi-pond schedules they record).
• Koi-keeper Virkon Aquatic water doses: Bradan Biosecurity, Using Virkon Aquatic to Sanitize Koi Ponds — leaflet PDF; The Virkon Aquatic Story, Koi magazine, June 2006 — article PDF; koimad.dk, VirkonS and Virkon Aquatic — leaflet PDF; Koi Water Garden — koicarp.org.uk; Absolute Koi; SPH Supplies; Causeway Koi. Forum posts (anecdotal): Koiphen, koiforum.uk (1), koiforum.uk (2).
• Syndel / LANXESS, Virkon Aquatic container label (EPA Reg. No. 39967-137) — syndel.com label PDF (active ingredients, 1% dilution, 10-minute contact, 20–30 minute equipment soak, "must not be applied directly to water", hazards).
• Syndel, Virkon Aquatic: Directions for General Use — syndel.com general instructions PDF (dilution table, scoop size, 7-day solution life).
• LANXESS, Virkon Aquatic Safety Data Sheet (US, SDS 203000008872) — syndel.com SDS PDF (composition, incompatible materials, aquatic toxicity).
• Clorox, Bleach Do's & Don'ts — clorox.com, and Clorox Disinfecting Bleach SDS — thecloroxcompany.com SDS PDF (never mix with ammonia or acids; mix only with water).
• Current product labels — follow the bottle over any figure here.

Salt calculator

• Ruth Francis-Floyd, The Use of Salt in Aquaculture (VM007), UF/IFAS Extension — ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/VM007, read via the archived copy (0.1–0.3% for handling and transport; 0.5–1% baths for hours; tetras and fish that sense electric fields shouldn’t be kept in salt).
• A. Burgdorf-Moisuk, M. A. Mitchell, and M. Watson, Clinical and physiologic effects of sodium chloride baths in goldfish (Carassius auratus), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 42(4), 2011 — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22204052 (12-hour baths at 5 and 10 g/L tolerated, with blood changes at 10 g/L; at 20 g/L nearly half the fish were removed within an hour).
• Aquarium Co-op, Aquarium Salt: When and How to Use It Properly — aquariumcoop.com (salt doesn’t evaporate or filter out; start low and step up; not a daily preventive; hard on scaleless fish, anchor catfish, plants, and snails).
• Aquarium Co-op, How much salt is too much for aquarium plants? — aquariumcoop.com (1 tablespoon per 5 gallons is generally plant-safe).
• Aquarium Science, 12.4.2. Salt — aquariumscience.org/12-4-2-salt (some plants die above 2 ppt; low “tonic” levels don’t treat disease).
• USDA FoodData Central, Salt, table (SR Legacy, FDC ID 173468) — fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173468 (portions: 6 g per teaspoon, 18 g per tablespoon).
• Milk Street, Worth Our Salt — 177milkstreet.com/stories/worth-our-salt (grams per teaspoon and tablespoon: Morton coarse kosher 5 and 15, Diamond Crystal kosher 3 and 9).
• Morton Salt, Salt Conversion Chart — mortonsalt.com/salt-conversion-chart (canning and pickling salt measures the same as table salt; kosher takes about 1¼ times the volume).
• Randy Holmes-Farley, Reef Aquarium Salinity: Homemade Calibration Standards, Reefkeeping, June 2004 — reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-06/rhf (35 ppt is SG 1.0264 at 77°F, used to check the conversion; a level tablespoon of Morton iodized salt weighed 18.2 g).
• N. P. Fofonoff and R. C. Millard Jr., Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater, UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 44, 1983 — Ocean Best Practices repository (the seawater equation of state used to convert specific gravity to ppt).

Volume calculator

• Aquarium Dimensions, Aqueon — aquariumdimensions.com/brands/aqueon (outside dimensions of Aqueon standard glass tanks).
• Aquarium Co-op, How to Choose the Right Aquarium Heater — aquariumcoop.com (5 watts per gallon for about a 10°F rise with a lid; two smaller heaters for big tanks).
• FishTankCalculator.com, Aquarium Heater Size Chart — fishtankcalculator.com (watts = gallons × °F rise × 0.5; split across two heaters over 40 gallons; check with a separate thermometer; goldfish usually don’t need a heater).