Books · Scientific papers · Society publications · Video · Manufacturer instructions · Web references · Hobbyist correspondence · People · The club's own notes

Sources

Every book, paper, video, label and web page this site cites, in one place. Each entry gives the full citation, a link where one exists, and the pages that use it. Where a page and a current product label disagree, follow the label.

Books

• Diseases of Carp: treatment table entry for methylene blue. Cited by title only; the author and edition were not recorded.
  Used on: Medications (methylene blue: waterborne treatment; damages the biofilter)
• An English-language goldfish book, title not visible. Figure “Side, top, and bottom view of an ideal Ranchu”, used for the proportions of the drawings.
  Used on: Ranchu (drawing proportions)
• A Japanese ranchu book, title not visible. Labelled top-view photo (parts 1–14, a), labelled oblique photo (parts 15–21) and the names-of-parts text for 1–21, a, b, c (pages 23–25 visible).
  Used on: Ranchu (names of parts and what to look for)
• Johnson, Erik L., DVM. Koi Health & Disease: Everything You Need To Know, 2nd edition (2014; also called the “Reload”). In the author’s words, for goldfish you “use the word ‘Goldfish’ in place of ‘Koi’” for most of it.
  Used on: Medications (praziquantel dose and general reference) · Protocols (fluke dose and repeat round) · Starter kit (recommended book)
• Scott, P.W. (1985). Skin-parasite identification chart (“Appendix Five: Parasites of the Skin”), in Manual of Exotic Pets, revised edition, ed. J.E. Cooper, M.F. Hutchison, O.F. Jackson and R.J. Maurice. Cheltenham: BSAVA Publications. The site’s parasite chart image is adapted from it.
  Used on: Diseases (parasite ID chart and image) · Sick fish (link to the chart) · About / Disclaimer
• Smartt, Joseph. Goldfish Varieties and Genetics: A Handbook for Breeders. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell Science, 2001. ISBN 0-85238-265-0.
  Used for: variety genetics, including the T/t transparency gene (TT matt, Tt nacreous/calico, tt metallic, after Chen 1928), Matsui’s net-like transparent N/n and Kajishima’s recessive transparent G/g.
• Tanaka 田中國衛 (given-name reading uncertain). 「トサキンの飼い方」 (“How to Keep Tosakin”). Tosakin Preservation and Promotion Society (トサキン保存普及会). Sections 一、トサキンの歴史 and 二、各部の名称と見方, including the diagram 各部の名称, page 75. The book that contains the article is not identified.
  Used on: Tosakin (names of parts, judging points, history note)
• Tong, Steven C.S. and Hermanto. Goldfish Appreciation. Self-published (Tong Chee Seng), August 2020; Kindle edition, ASIN B08FZRDV91.
  Used for: color-breeding crosses, brown × blue (and panda × blue) giving purple, reddish or ochiba fish.
• Ye Qichang 叶其昌 and Qu Liming 曲利明 (chief eds.). Goldfish of China: Descriptions and Illustrations of Diversed Goldfish in China (中国金鱼). Fuzhou: The Straits Publishing & Distributing Group (海峡书局). Fold-out “Variety Diagram for Chinese Goldfish” (中国金鱼品种图). The tree’s names and lines are redrawn from the fold-out, and the variety line drawings are outlines traced from its paintings and photos; the paintings and photos themselves are not reproduced.
  Used on: Variety tree
• 朱鱼谱 (Zhūyú Pǔ), 1720s; author not recorded. Known here only as cited and translated in Goldfish Corner’s kirin video.
  Used for: the historical definition of the kirin scale pattern (two colors on each scale, fins striped to match).
• A 土佐錦魚 (tosakin) book, title unknown. Diagrams 「土佐錦魚に求められる理想像」 (the circle-inscribed top view) and 理想的な尾付きのライン (ideal tail-attachment line), page 18.
  Used on: Tosakin (ideal circle, tail-attachment angles)

Scientific papers

• Chen et al. (2020). The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
  Used for: the goldfish reference genome and domestication history from Chinese crucian carp.
• Chen, Shisan C. (1928). Transparency and mottling, a case of Mendelian inheritance in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Genetics 13: 434–452.
  Used for: the original scale-transparency cross (matt, nacreous/calico and metallic as one gene).
• Kajishima, T. (1977). Genetic and developmental analysis of some new colour mutants in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Genetics 86: 161–174. As cited by Smartt (2001).
  Used for: depigmentation (Dp genes), two-gene albinism and recessive transparent scale.
• Kon et al. (2020). The genetic basis of morphological diversity in domesticated goldfish. Current Biology.
  Used for: named loci for twin tail (chordin), dorsal-fin loss, long fin, telescope eye and albinism.
• Matsui, Y. (1934). Genetical studies on goldfish of Japan. Journal of the Imperial Fisheries Institute 30: 1–96. As cited by Smartt (2001).
  Used for: telescope eye as a recessive and the net-like transparent (mock-metallic) scale.
• Ota and colleagues (review; year not recorded). Goldfish morphology as a model for evolutionary developmental biology.
  Used for: the early history of the skeletal traits (twin tail, dorsal-less, round body, pop-eye) and hoods as skin overgrowths.

Society publications

• BAS, GSGB and GFSA. Goldfish Colour Types. January 2014.
  Used for: definitions of the metallic, nacreous and matt scale states and the 1:2:1 calico cross table.

Video

• Lei, Goldfish Corner (YouTube channel). A goldfish history reference: the origins of the ranchu, the oranda and the lionhead, the wen, early goldfish paintings, how goldfish varieties are named in Chinese, and Chinese varieties explained by their breeders and judges, plus a review of Goldfish of China.
  Related pages: Variety tree · Ranchu · Tosakin (background reading on history and Chinese names). Individual videos are listed below.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-11-21). Book Review: Goldfish of China《中国金鱼图鉴》. YouTube.
  Used for: a review of Goldfish of China.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-09-26). Butterfly Goldfish by Prof. Xu | 许广彤讲解复色蝶尾. YouTube.
  Used for: multicolored butterfly-tail goldfish, explained by Prof. Xu Guangtong.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-09-19). Chinese Lionhead Goldfish by Mr. Lu | 芦根生讲解虎头金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: the Chinese lionhead, explained by Lu Gensheng.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2021-09-06). Earliest Goldfish Painting of Ranchu in 1429 |《鱼藻图》明宣宗 朱瞻基. YouTube.
  Used for: the earliest known painting of a ranchu-type fish (1429).
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-04-04). The History of RANCHU Goldfish | 蘭鋳の歴史 | 兰寿的起源. YouTube.
  Used for: the origin and history of the ranchu.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-10-03). How to Appreciate Chinese Ranchu Goldfish by Mr. Lin | 林海讲解兰寿金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: how to judge a Chinese ranchu, explained by Lin Hai.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-04-18). How to tell Different TYPE of RANCHU Goldfish. YouTube.
  Used for: telling the different types of ranchu apart.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-03-10). The Mystery of Goldfish WEN & its Origin. YouTube.
  Used for: the history and origin of the wen (head growth).
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-08-08). Oranda vs Lionhead Goldfish: History & Relation | 狮子头金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: the history of, and relation between, the oranda and the lionhead.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-08-29). Pan’s Cow Ranchu Goldfish: Development & Standards | 潘国诚讲解奶牛兰寿金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: a breeder’s account of developing the cow-pattern ranchu and its standard.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-09-12). Red Cap Oranda Goldfish by Mr. Ye, Qichang | 叶其昌讲解鹤顶红金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: the red cap oranda, explained by Ye Qichang.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-05-23). The Secret of KIRIN Goldfish 麒麟金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: the kirin scale pattern as a color pattern, not a breed, with the 朱鱼谱 definition.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-09-06). Single Colored Chinese Ranchu by Mr. Ye, Qichang | 叶其昌讲解单色国寿. YouTube.
  Used for: single-colored Chinese ranchu, explained by Ye Qichang.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-02-06). Top 10 Chinese Goldfish 中国十大金鱼. YouTube.
  Used for: an overview of ten well-known Chinese varieties.
• Lei, Goldfish Corner (2020-06-06). Unwritten Rules of Goldfish NAMING: History & Convention 金鱼命名. YouTube.
  Used for: how Chinese goldfish variety names are built.

Manufacturer instructions

• Aquarium Co-op. How to use the Quarantine Medication Trio. Quarantine trio dose and schedule (Fritz Maracyn, Aquarium Solutions/Hikari Ich-X, Fritz ParaCleanse), and no feeding during the soak week.
  Used on: Medications · Protocols (treat on arrival; feeding during quarantine)
• Clorox. Bleach Do’s & Don’ts, and Clorox Disinfecting Bleach Safety Data Sheet (PDF). Never mix with ammonia or acids; mix only with water.
  Used on: Medications (bleach; do not combine) · Protocols (via the bleach recipe)
• Current product labels. Every “per label” dose on the site points to the label of the product in your hand. Brands get renamed and reformulated: check the active ingredient, and follow the bottle over any figure on this site.
  Used on: every care page (Sick fish, Diseases, Treatments, Protocols, Medications, Starter kit)
• Fritz Aquatics. ParaCleanse product page. May inhibit nitrifying bacteria; monitor ammonia and nitrite.
  Used on: Medications · Protocols
• Hikari / Aquarium Solutions. Ich-X product data sheet (PDF). Formalin and malachite green concentrations; overdose warning; label dose.
  Used on: Medications · Protocols (ich, label example)
• LANXESS. Virkon Aquatic Safety Data Sheet (US, SDS 203000008872, PDF). Composition, incompatible materials, aquatic toxicity.
  Used on: Medications (Virkon Aquatic; do not combine)
• Syndel / LANXESS. Virkon Aquatic container label (EPA Reg. No. 39967-137, PDF). Active ingredients, 1% dilution, 10-minute contact, 20–30 minute equipment soak, “must not be applied directly to water”, hazards.
  Used on: Medications (Virkon Aquatic; do not combine)
• Syndel. Virkon Aquatic: Directions for General Use (PDF). Dilution table, scoop size, 7-day solution life.
  Used on: Medications

Web references

• Buxton, Ingrid (author and site owner). Puregold goldfish website. © Ingrid Buxton, February 2000. Content credited to Jo Ann, “the goldfish guru” (including Jo Ann’s physical and diagnostic techniques). The treatments section is reprinted there with the permission of Rod Farlee. Covers care essentials, buying a new goldfish, the tub-to-tub method, myths and controversies, diagnostic techniques, typical symptoms, diseases by name, treatments and medications, and types of goldfish. Used with the site owner’s permission; remains free to access.
  Used for: goldfish care, diagnosis, disease and treatment reference.
• The Goldfish Council (TGC). thegoldfishcouncil.org.
  Used for: nonprofit goldfish education and research group (founded 2016); breed standards, articles and shows.
• Johnson, Erik L., DVM. Praziquantel for Koi Deworming and Flukes, drjohnson.com. 2 mg per liter of veterinary or lab-grade praziquantel, with a repeat round.
  Used on: Medications · Protocols (flukes)
• Koi-keeper sources for Virkon Aquatic water doses. Koi sources often use 5 g tablets and UK gallons; the site converts their figures to mg per liter and US gallons.
  • Bradan Biosecurity, Using Virkon Aquatic to Sanitize Koi Ponds (DuPont koi leaflet, PDF).
  • The Virkon Aquatic Story, Koi magazine, June 2006 — article PDF.
  • koimad.dk, VirkonS and Virkon Aquatic (Danish koi dealer leaflet, PDF).
  • Koi Water Garden, Medications and their uses, koicarp.org.uk.
  • UK koi retailers’ product pages: Absolute Koi, SPH Supplies, Causeway Koi.
  • Forum posts (anecdotal): Koiphen, koiforum.uk (1), koiforum.uk (2).
  Used on: Medications (Virkon Aquatic dose table)

Hobbyist correspondence

• Alderson, James. Hobbyist correspondence (Facebook group comment) and Hater × Alderson veiltail cross notes; date not recorded.
  Used for: choosing breeders with metallic irides as closer to wild type and hardier.
• Hater, Gary. Hobbyist correspondence (Facebook group comment); date not recorded.
  Used for: a calico-with-blue breeding recipe (related blue-and-black mottled parents; about 25% matt, 50% calico, 25% metallic).
• Linnemeyer, Dave. Hobbyist correspondence (notes on breeding veiltail and moor strains); date not recorded.
  Used for: the terms “nacreous” (the matt × metallic hybrid) and mock metallic / blue belly as genes that reduce guanine.

People

• Anthony Calfo
• Rob Crosby
• Cynthia, East Coast Ranchu
• Robert Fenner
• The Goldfish Council
• Gary Hater
• Jing Bo, Living Water Goldfish
• Lei
• Jennifer Lynx
• Joshua McWilliams, The Goldfish Council
• Bryan Rhodes
• David Salazar
• Dr. Jessie Sanders, cafishvet.com
• Ted Tai

The club's own notes